The Unhealthy Chesapeake

The Unhealthy Chesapeake Life in the American wild was cruel. Infections like jungle fever, looseness of the bowels, and typhoid slaughtered many. Barely any individuals lived to 40 or 50 years. In the beginning of states, ladies were scant to such an extent that men battled about every one of them. The Chesapeake district had less ladies and a 6:1 male to female proportion is a decent guide. Scarcely any individuals knew any grandparents. 33% of all ladies in a single Maryland province were at that point pregnant before the wedding (outrageous). Virginia, with 59,000 individuals, turned into the most crowded province. II. The Tobacco Economy The Chesapeake was excellent for tobacco development. Chesapeake Bay sent out 1. 5 million pounds of tobacco yearly during the 1630s, and by 1700, that number had ascended to 40 million pounds every year. Greater accessibility prompted falling costs, ranchers despite everything developed more. The headright framework energized development of the Chesapeake. Under this framework, if a blue-blood supported an obligated servant’s entry to America, the blue-blood earned the option to buy 50 sections of land, without a doubt at a modest cost. This implied land was being eaten by the rich, and running out for poor people. Right off the bat, the greater part of the workers were obligated hirelings. Life for them was hard, however there was trust toward the finish of seven years for opportunity. Conditions were ruthless, and in the later years, proprietors reluctant to free their workers broadened their agreements by years for little missteps. III. Disappointed Freemen and Bacon’s Rebellion By the late 1600s, there were bunches of free, poor, landless, single men baffled by the absence of cash, land, work, and ladies. In 1676, Nathaniel Bacon drove a couple thousand of these men in an insubordination to the antagonistic conditions. These individuals needed land and were angry of Virginia senator William Berkeley’s agreeable approaches toward the Indians. Bacon’s men dangerously assaulted Indian settlements after Berkeley wouldn't fight back for a progression of savage Indian assaults on the wilderness. At that point, in his insubordination, Bacon out of nowhere kicked the bucket of illness, and Berkeley proceeded to squash the uprising. All things considered, Bacon’s inheritance lived on, giving baffled poor people thoughts to revolt, thus a touch of distrustfulness continued for quite a while subsequently. IV. Pilgrim Slavery In the 300 years following Columbus’ revelation of America, just around 400,000 of an aggregate of 10 million African slaves were brought over to the United States. By 1680, however, numerous landowners feared conceivably mutinous white hirelings, by the mid 1680s, just because, dark slaves dwarfed white workers among the manor colonies’ fresh debuts. After 1700, an ever increasing number of slaves were imported, and in 1750, blacks represented almost 50% of the Virginian populace. A large portion of the slaves were from West Africa, from places like Senegal and Angola. The absolute most punctual dark slaves picked up their opportunity and some became slaveholders themselves. In the long run, to clear up issues on slave proprietorship, the slave codes made it with the goal that slaves and their youngsters would remain captives to their lords forever (belongings), except if they were intentionally liberated. A few laws made instructing captives to peruse a wrongdoing, and not even transformation to Christianity may qualify a slave for opportunity. V. Africans in America Slave life in the Deep South was intense, as rice becoming was a lot harder than tobacco developing. Numerous blacks in America advanced their own dialects, mixing their local tongues with English. Blacks likewise added to music with instruments like the banjo and bongo drum. A couple of the slaves became talented craftsmans (I. e. woodworkers, bricklayers and leather experts), however most were consigned to sweat-soaked work like getting swamps and grubbing out trees. Rebellions occurred. In 1712, a slave revolt in New York City cost the lives of twelve whites and 21 Blacks were executed. In 1739, South Carolina blacks along the Stono River revolted and attempted to walk to Spanish Florida, however fizzled. VI. Southern Society A social hole showed up and started to augment. In Virginia, a grasp of broadened groups (I. e. the Fitzhughs, the Lees, and the Washingtons) claimed tracts and tracts of land and pretty much commanded the House of Burgesses. They came to be known as the First Families of Virginia (FFV). In Virginia, there was frequently an issue with tipsiness. The biggest social gathering was the ranchers. Not many urban communities grew in the South, so schools and chapels were delayed to create. VII. The New England Family In New England, there was spotless water and cool temperatures, so infection was not as prevalent as in the South. The primary New England Puritans had a normal future of 70 years. Rather than the Chesapeake, the New Englanders would in general move as a family, rather than separately. Ladies normally wedded in their mid twenties and conceived an offspring like clockwork until menopause. A common lady could hope to have ten infants and raise around eight of them. Passing in labor was normal. In the South, ladies normally had more influence, since the Southern men ordinarily kicked the bucket youthful and ladies could acquire the cash, however in New England, the inverse was valid. In New England, men didn’t have supreme control over their spouses (as prove by the disciplines of raucous husbands), however they had a lot of control over ladies. New England law was exceptionally serious and exacting. For instance, double-crossing ladies needed to wear the letter â€Å"A† on their chests in the event that they were gotten (similarly as with The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne). VIII. Life in the New England Towns Life in New England was sorted out. New towns were legitimately contracted by provincial specialists. A town for the most part had a meetinghouse encircled by houses and a park. Towns of in excess of 50 families needed to give essential training. Towns of more than 100 needed to give optional instruction. In 1636, Massachusetts Puritans built up Harvard College to prepare men to become pastors. (Note: in 1693, Virginia set up their first school, William and Mary. ) Puritans ran their own holy places, and majority rules system in Congregational church government drove legitimately to vote based system in political government. IX. The Half-Way Covenant and the Salem Witch Trials As Puritans stressed over their kids and whether they would be as steadfast and devoted, and new sort of message came about called â€Å"jeremiads. In lamentations, sincere evangelists reproved parishioners for their fading devotion in would like to improve confidence. Incomprehensibly, upset pastors declared another equation for chapel enrollment in 1662, considering it the â€Å"Half-Way Covenant. † In the Half-Way Covenant, all individuals could come and partake in the congregation, regardless of whether they missed the mark concerning the â €Å"visible-saint† status and were some way or another lone half changed over (except for a couple of amazingly despised gatherings). In the mid 1690s, a gathering of Salem young ladies professed to have been entranced by certain more seasoned ladies. What followed was a crazy witch-chase that prompted the executions of 20 individuals (19 of which were hanged, 1 squeezed to death) and two mutts. Back in Europe, bigger scope witch-chases were at that point happening. Black magic agitation in the long run finished in 1693. X. The New England Way of Life Due to the hard New England soil (or scarcity in that department), New Englanders became extraordinary dealers. New England was additionally less ethnically blended than its neighbors. The atmosphere of New England supported broadened horticulture and industry. Dark subjugation was endeavored, however didn’t work. It was superfluous since New England was made of little ranches as opposed to estates as down South. Waterways were short and quick. The Europeans in New England chastised the Indians for â€Å"wasting† the land, and wanted to clear however much land for use as could be expected. Angling turned into a well known industry. It is said New England was based on â€Å"God and cod. † XI. The Early Settlers’ Days and Ways Early ranchers typically rose at day break and hit the hay at sunset. Hardly any occasions were finished during the night except if they were â€Å"worth the light. † Life was unassuming however agreeable, at any rate in understanding to the environmental factors. The individuals who emigrated from Europe to America were most typically lower white collar class residents hoping to have a superior future in the New World. In light of the general equivalence of class in America, laws against indulgences were once in a while spent, however as time passed, America developed. XII. Creators of America: From African to African-American Africans’ appearance into the New World brought new dialects, music, and cooking styles to America. Africans worked in the rice fields of South Carolina because of (a) their insight into the yield and (b) their protection from malady (when contrasted with Indians). The principal slaves were men; some in the long run picked up opportunity. By 1740, enormous gatherings of African slaves lived respectively on manors, where female slaves were relied upon to perform backbreaking work and turn, weave, and sew. Most slaves became Christians, however many received components from their local religions. Numerous African moves prompted present day moves (I. e. the Charleston). Christian tunes could likewise be code for the declaration of the appearance of a manual for opportunity. Jazz is the most popular case of slave music entering standard culture

Photo of a woman. Mary Bashkirtseva. Diary. Elizabeth Dyakonova. Diary Review Essay Example

Photograph of a lady. Mary Bashkirtseva. Journal. Elizabeth Dyakonova. Journal Review Paper Paper on Photo of a lady. Mary Bashkirtseva. Journal. Elizabeth Dyakonova. Journal The possibility of ​​gathering these two well known journal, which have become landmarks of Russian kiteratury, as I would like to think, splendid, I myself got them independently. Here is a chance to peruse a journal of Mary Bashkirtseva, and the journal of Elizabeth Dyakonova under one spread, and make their own determinations, on which side right? Whom you for Bashkirtseva or yakonov? How went the competition of these women who are inexperienced with one another? Or on the other hand rather not give themselves, and recollections of a former time that are out of their pen? We will compose a custom article test on Photo of a lady. Mary Bashkirtseva. Journal. Elizabeth Dyakonova. Journal Review explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Photo of a lady. Mary Bashkirtseva. Journal. Elizabeth Dyakonova. Journal Review explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Photo of a lady. Mary Bashkirtseva. Journal. Elizabeth Dyakonova. Journal Review explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer What's more, who right? Maria Bashkirtseva, delegate of renowned rich family Bashkirtseva is in Europe after his moms separate, which is prepared. It is accepted the French craftsman, of Russian inception. Journals written in French. The design for them was in the mid twentieth century. Those. Elizabeth Dyakonova course of perusing, and have their works composed with an eye on online journals Bashkirtseva in any event, referencing the very Maria. Elizabeth herself Dyakonova, dealer family, his popularity has procured simply after death, once more, because of Blogs. What joins them both separated journals? Both left ahead of schedule from life Bashkirtseva passed on of tuberculosis at age 26, Dyakonova in 27 years, kicked the bucket in puzzling conditions in the Tyrolean mountains. My perception, both in the journals slip pointlessly visit conversations about death have Dyakonova, practically self-destructive. As in their journals, notwithstanding conversations about existence and demise? Bashkirtseva, tells about their condition, about his impressions of the gathering with well known individuals, and their circle it was insufficient. What gives her journal? Most stunning vanity, protruding super-personality, narcissism that goes ridiculous. Is it in my eyes, the way that she drew downright awful. At Elizabeth Dyakonova, twisting is additionally accessible, yet carefully the other way. She was uncertain, an extraordinary, also questioned his ability, which is exceptionally vain, in light of the fact that lines composed by her, spilling out like music. Dyakonova recollections are connected to the secondary school, students life, the battle with her mom, who would not like to relinquish the little girl of the Higher Courses for Women, persistent development toward the objective, the hotly anticipated appearance, concentrating abroad. Her journals are extremely contacting, not without insight, perception and some scarcely noticeable poetics. Bashkirtseva too dumb not name explicit, however over the top idiosyncrasies extraordinary woman, blue-blooded shenanigans execute all that is acceptable in it. Obviously on which side Im on?

Essay Writing Websites - Getting the Help You Need

Essay Writing Websites - Getting the Help You NeedAs you continue to search for the best essay writing websites, you will find some things that you may want to keep in mind. All of these websites will have very different philosophies and different approach. The best way to decide which one will be the best fit for you is to look at their offerings and the other features that they offer.One of the best features of most essay writing websites is the level of ease of use. You will not have to learn a new method or anything technical to make your work easy to understand. All of the help and support you will need can be found right on the website itself. There are no questions to ask or problems to solve when you are making use of these tools.Of course, you also want essay writing websites that will give you detailed tutorials on how to write an essay effectively. You will always want to have some knowledge about the written word when you are trying to write it. There is a lot of great in formation out there that you can find to help you succeed in this field. You will not have to worry about a lack of help or support if you are looking for any kind of help with your essay writing.One of the reasons why these types of websites are so popular is because it is very easy to get access to these types of things. When you are looking for help with essay writing you will have the choice of going to a paid website or an online article submission service. These are the two main choices available to you.For those looking for free services for essay writing, you will need to decide if you would like to go to an online article submission service. This is where you will pay a nominal fee for the use of these services. Most writers who use these services to get the work they need without having to pay anything. For the best benefit from this type of service you will need to make sure that the writers who use it have many pieces of writing experience and writing ability.If you are going to use free services for essay writing websites, you will probably not be able to start writing immediately. There will be some trial and error that you will have to endure before you get the kind of work you want. This is definitely a benefit that you should look for when you are starting out.If you choose to use an online article submission service, you will be able to start using them right away. Once you are able to get a piece written and submit it, you will usually get the work you need almost immediately. You will also find the writing style of grammar is better than what you would find on other types of writing websites.Some writers may find it harder to start writing than others but as long as you are able to work within the guidelines, you will be able to produce a professional paper. No matter what your abilities, essay writing can be fun and rewarding when you use the right tools.

Benefits for Mondelez International to Expand to Myanmar - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 11 Words: 3292 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Marketing Essay Type Case study Level High school Did you like this example? 1.0  INTRODUCTION This is a report that studies the potential reasons and benefits for Mondelez International to expand to Myanmar. Mondelez International Inc. is a multinational company that revolves around selling well-known snack food brands around the world. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Benefits for Mondelez International to Expand to Myanmar" essay for you Create order Some of these food brands include Oreos, Tiger, Cadburry, Milka, Toberone, Jacobs as well as Halls which are commonly available even within Malaysia. The company has a market presence in every region of the world although it still has markets not yet expanded to. Take for example, in Southeast Asia the company has yet to have a direct presence in Brunei, Laos, Cambodia and including Myanmar either for reasons of lack of foreseeable profits or discouraging political risks. Myanmar, at one point in time, was a reclusive country with nearly 50 years of political and economic isolation. Today, it is a developing country that is currently undergoing reforms aimed at encouraging foreign direct investment (FDI) (Wong, 2014)[1]. The international community has recognised the reform efforts taken by the Myanmar government and has resulted in the ease of decades-old sanctions towards it particularly by the US (United States) government, European Union (EU), and the Canada (Burke, 2012)[2]. The ease of business entry into the country due to the reforms and removal of sanctions has meant that now is a good time to enter the market and tap into opportunities once untouchable in the country. In fact, many multinational companies have not wasted any time in entering what they see as a gold mine for FDI. Microsoft, Coca-cola, Nissan, and Baker Mckenzie along with Mondelezs direct competitors Unilever and Nestle are but some of these MNCs to participate in the gold rush for opportunities. Although still behind countries like Singapore, Malaysia and Indonesia, its growth economically has been staggering in the past few years due to the massive amounts of FDI. The growth in FDI brings in an increase in the purchasing power of the average Myanmar citizen which means that there is still a growing market base that is fresh for brand establishment and plenty of undeveloped land for low-cost production facilities. Company Background Mondelez Internationals headquarters ar e in Illinois, United States and its current CEO is Irene Rosenfeld who was also the CEO for Kraft Foods Inc. A very intriguing aspect of this company is the fact that despite being in an age where mergers, acquisitions and joint ventures are common, this company was the result of a demerger that took place in 2011. Based on the Forbes (2013)[3] rankings, the demerger seemed to have paid off since the company in 2013 had a market capitalisation of US$50.1 billion along with being 182nd in the Forbes Global 2000 but most of all the company moved up to 52nd from 63rd last year in the Forbes Innovative Companies. Mondelez International was originally part of Kraft Foods Inc. which had a wider focus that also sold grocery products (Schaefer, 2011)[4]. The demerger split Kraft Foods into two companies, one (Kraft Foods Group that handles grocery manufacturing and processing in North America while the other, renamed Mondelez International, revolved around selling every snack food brand the original held prior to the demerger. This allowed Mondelez International to adopt a more central focus to its strategy that revolved around a more narrow line of products. Employees prior to the demerger settled on the word Mondelez for the snack food company which combines the words monde (world in Latin) and delez (delicious in short form) as mentioned by Toole (2012)[5]. Tooles article further goes on to mention that the name will not be used in making new products but will instead act as an idea that the companys own snack product brands can be associated with. Since it officially is a part of the original company that existed since 1923, Mondelez International thus inherits all resources and rights to assets and snack food brands that Kraft Foods possessed worldwide even though it has officially only existed since 2012. Objectives The objectives of this report are to: Assess Mondelez Internationals capabilities in expanding to developing countries Evaluate Myanmars environment to determine feasibility of expansion Determine a feasible method to enter the market Identify methods to handle risk effectively Scope of Report To achieve the stated objectives, the report will cover an environmental analysis of Myanmar through the use of external analysis frameworks such as PESTEL and Porters Five Forces. An internal analysis of Mondelez International strengths and weaknesses is the second half of the circle that will be compared with the environment analysis. This will determine the feasibility of market expansion and filter out the most suitable mode of entry for the company. Last, but not least, risk management practices will also be recommended within the report as a means of reducing Mondelezs exposure to risk in the country. 2.0Literature Review Transition Economy Factors affecting the overall performance of a multinational company (MNCs) are vastly different when comparing transition economies to developed and developing economies. For one, a transition economy is a market that entirely relies on the recent opening its economy to generate growth through foreign direct in vestment (FDI). Transition economy will eventually grow into a developing economy but until then it is a market characterised by prevailing levels of hostility, dynamism and complexity that surpass developing ones. Luo and Peng (1999)[6] indicates that transition economies often still have weak regulatory systems, underdeveloped factor markets as well as poor property rights protection by current standards and this contributes to the market characteristics mentioned earlier. Therefore, environmental factors of a transition economy can greatly affect the MNCs performance in that economy. Take for example, back in 1989 China experienced the Tiananmen Square incident that triggered the mass evacuation of expatriate personnel for many MNCs. This incident shows how transition economies such as China back then are filled with uncertainties that MNCs have to deal with. Bribery Due to that uncertainty and weak regulations as well, bribery is also commonplace within the transition e conomy and that MNCs must be willing to engage in these activities in order to gain traction in performance. Zhou and Peng (2011)[7] affirmed that the downfalls of bribery will not affect large firms such as MNCs. This seems to attribute to the findings that large MNCs are less likely to get caught conducting bribery compared to small firms. Thus, large MNCs, who have little risk in the practice, will have the incentive to engage in bribery in order to improve its performance in the transition economy. Furthermore, in doing business in transition economies, MNCs (agents) must also deal with its government (principal) in a principle-agent kind of relationship. Peng (2000)[8] mentions in comparison to domestic firms, MNCs have greater bargaining power in setting the control levels of the government. The study refers to the time China turned into a transitional economy from the 1970s and had to manage the flow of FDI by MNCs typically by joint ventures. Its government encouraged FDI to gain MNC resources while the MNCs conducted FDI to tap into the market potential of China resulting in conflicts of interest. Therefore, the level of control transition economies attempt to impose will affect MNCà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s performance significantly. Organisational Learning From the past few paragraphs, we have concluded that in transition economies, multinational companies face greater levels of environmental turbulence stemming from organisational structures, regulations and markets that are unfamiliar, inconsistent and fragmented respectively. In this case, a multinational companys ability to learn and adapt to the ever-changing market will also contribute to boosting that MNCs market performance. This concept is known as organisational learning and research over the years recognises it as a critical component that influences the performance of international expansions. Luo and Pengs (1999)[9] research state that experience is the primary contributor to organ isational learning. Experience in this case is referred to as the intensity and diversity of exposure to particular market environment. Their research further goes on to mention that MNCs engaging in a diverse range of activities and for lengthy periods of time gain greater experience effects and that such experience are more significant when operating in transition economies. Overall, greater levels of organisational learning gained from the experience of operating in a transition economy will inevitably facilitate the rise of the MNCs performance in that economy. Speaking of which, experience from a particular economy is typically gained from being in that economy for a long period of time. The period of exposure gained by being in a marketplace the earliest can be considered as an intangible competitive advantage that cannot be imitated by rival firms. The longer the experience effect is in the market, the better the MNC can evaluate its risk and reduce its uncertainties as we ll as develop valuable ties with local partners in that economy while effectively establishing the rules of competition. In order to be the longest player in the game, you have to be the first to enter it, and that brings us to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“First Mover Advantages. Advantages MNCs gain for being pre-emptive to enter the market, Luo and Peng (1998) the benefits to the MNC as being able to dictate the entry barriers for following firms, obtain scarce assets within the economy and effectively gain technological leadership. They further elaborate those MNCs that pursue first mover advantages are not in the market for short-term profits, but instead seek to establish long-term gains through secured and large market-share dominance of the economy. Whether the first-mover succeeds or fails is another story, but in the case of transition economies, the opportunity to securely establish brand recognition in a brand-fresh market is one that is hard to pass up. Conclusively, these stud ies show the key importance the environment of a transition economy plays in addition to the usual capabilities the multinational company has in the prospect of performance within that economy. Both the environment of the country and the state of the industry are to be included within the transition economys environment. These factors all eventually beg the question of How can a firm take in all of these variables in order to arrive at a suitable strategy that can directly translate into greater performance in transition economies? Perspectives of the Strategy Tripod Due to the depth of research covered in industry-based views and resource-based views, it is most definite that MNCs expanding to foreign markets will have to consider the effects of competition and the firms own capabilities in formulating feasible strategies. To elaborate, the industry-based view is a perspective that considers the effects of industry conditions on a firms strategic performance. This of course r efers to competition levels within the particular industry of a country the MNC is intent on participating in. The effects are noticeable when market entry barriers set by the first-movers of an industry can force a change in market entry strategy. Looking from a resource-based perspective, this view justifies that the internal conditions of a firm will affect its strategy and performance. No one firm is similar to another and hence why strategies employed by one firm will not necessarily work out the same way for another. Overall, strategic management dictates that a firms strengths and weaknesses in relation to market circumstances will eventually decide the final strategy to be executed. Kogut (2003)[10] criticized both perspectives for leaving institutional factors of a market, both formal and informal, in the background when it is these factors that set the context of competition and the nature of the firms that operate in an industry. Peng and Jiang (2008)[11] state that the institution-based view of strategy formulation is crucial when it comes to operating within emerging economies as the nature of institutions both formal and informal affect the context of competition as well as the nature of firms operating within a market. This perspective views the environmental conditions of a market that affects the strategy chosen by MNCs such as political risks, nature of policies set by nation states as well as the changing cultural values of the local population. Understanding of these factors can lead to proper understanding of the marketplace and thus proper strategy evaluation as well as selection. Strategy Tripod Framework Figure 2.1 The Strategy Tripod Concept by Mike Peng Combining the three perspectives together brings forth the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Strategy Tripod concept as shown in Figure 2.1. This is a concept helps to address how firms behave in foreign markets. By assessing these perspectives of a market, MNCs can precisely determin e the success factors that influence the final strategy as well as the nature of those factors in order to achieve competitive advantage. Indeed, the institution-based perspective is the third leg that helps sustains the strategy tripod together with the industry-based perspective and resource-based perspective. This framework is vital for penetrating transition economies since its uncertain conditions can alter the industry playing field and affect how well MNCs can use its resources at hand. Frameworks Applicable to Strategy Tripod In order to sufficiently evaluate the various factors from the three different perspectives, frameworks that are tailored to evaluate each different perspective of the Strategy Tripod will be utilised. This therefore causes the necessity to explain the frameworks to be utilised for this report. Industry-Based Competition To properly assess the industry of an economy, the frameworks of Porters Five Forces and the Generic Strategies will be us ed here. These frameworks help determine the Porters Five Forces This framework was created by Michael E. Porter in 1979 with the purpose of determining factors that affect the profitability of a particular industry. The framework revolves around five forces as shown in Figure 2.2 (hence, the name of the theory) that assess a market in terms of both competitive intensity and its attractiveness (CGMA, 2014)[12] . When combined with the internal analysis of an organisation, the Five Forces can be used to understand where is the MNCs strengths in an industry lie currently as well as where it can go to develop new strengths or enhance current positions. Figure 2.2Porters Five Forces Starting with the threat of new entrants, this force refers to the likelihood of new firms entering an industry. Markets that are profitable with inevitable attract newcomers who will attempt to steal market share and thus reduce the profitability of the various existing firms in an industry. Unless there are significant entry barriers arising from either policies, economies of scale, or capital requirements to protect incumbents, there is very little to impede the entrance of these newcomers and thus cause high levels of threat which reduces market attractiveness. Besides that, threat of substitute products or services also affects how the industry functions. This force refers to the magnitude of alternatives to a product or service that affect how likely customers will switch between substitutes when factors such as price change. For example, customers can easily switch between different brands when alternatives are nearly or equally similar to one another which represent a high level of substitute product threat. In this instance, firms cannot easily charge higher prices for a product customers know to have cheaper and equivalent alternatives. Bargaining power of buyers in an industry also plays a key role in assessing the circumstances of an industry. This ref ers to how influencing buyers can be in pushing down prices. Usually determinant of several factors such as the number of buyers in the industry, value of each buyer to a firm as well as switching costs buyers face when deciding to switch. When buyers are few and concentrated while switching costs for them are low, the buyers bargaining power is considerably high and selling prices will fall. Furthermore, similar to the buyers bargaining power, the suppliers bargaining power plays are key role in the overall competitiveness of the industry. When suppliers to an industry can drive up prices, costs of goods sold will increase which reduces the overall competitiveness of firms within that industry. The power of suppliers to do this is reliant on whether the suppliers are in concentrated numbers, of large size and strength with high switching costs. The opposite of these three variables signal low bargaining power of suppliers. The final force of this model looks into the rivalry among existing competitors. As the intensity between existing rivals in an industry heightens, returns become lower due to increased costs in competing with one another and thus leading to lower profitability for each firm. Intensity is usually determined from size and number of existing competitors, life cycle stage of the industry and also the level of differentiation between products of different firms. Higher intensity occurs when there is no leading firm in an industry, products do not outstand from one another or the industry reaches its peak leading to a lack of growth in the customer base. Porters Generic Strategy Another framework developed by Porter that describes how firms within an industry can position itself in order to achieve competitive advantage by using 3 types of generic strategies based around the dimensions of market scope and competitive advantage. These three strategies are referred to as cost leadership, differentiation and focus and will strengthen th e position of the firm in regards to the Five Forces. Figure 2.3Porters Generic Strategy Starting with cost leadership as shown in Figure 2.3, this focus of strategy is attributed to broad scope and cost-based competitive advantage. It suggests that a firm should focus on low costs and prices in order to successfully compete within its industry. With little differentiation but a wide target market, a firm would attract a massive number of customers by offering greater value for price compared to its rivals in the industry. The firm would generate profits mainly through savings gains from productions and logistics efficiency. Wal-Mart is a prominent practitioner of the cost-leadership strategy which is basically sell cheap to nearly everyone. Moving on to differentiation, this aspect of generic strategy suggests that a firm should focus on distinguishing itself effectively from its competitors in order to compete successfully. [1] Wong, M 2014, Myanmar aims to increase foreign direct investment by 10% to US$3b, media release, 22 January, Channel News Asia, viewed 14 February 2014, https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/business/myanmar-aims-to-increase/963526.html. [2] Burke, J 2012, MNCs enter Myanmars door, media release, 5 February, Hindustantimes, viewed 14 February, https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/mncs-enter-myanmar-s-door/article1-806920.aspx. [3] Forbes 2013, MondelÃÆ'„à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“z International, viewed 14 February 2014, https://www.forbes.com/companies/mondelez-international/. [4] Schaefer 2011, Kraft Foods Latest To Split In Year Of Breakups, media release, 4 August, Forbes, viewed 14 February 2014, https://www.forbes.com/sites/steveschaefer/2011/08/04/kraft-foods-latest-to-split-in-year-of-breakups/. [5] Toole, JO 2012, Kraft to rename snack unit Mondelez, media release, 21 March, CNNMoney, viewed 19 February 2014, https://money.cnn.com/2012/03/21/news/compani es/kraft-name-change/. [6] Luo, JQ and Peng, MW 1999, Learning to compete in a transition economy: Experience, environment, and performance, Journal of International Business Studies, vol. 30, no. 2, viewed 22 February 2014. [7] Zhou, JQ and Peng, MW 2011, Does bribery help or hurt firm growth around the world?, Asia Pacific Journal of Management, vol. 29, viewed 22 February 2014, https://www.utdallas.edu/~mxp059000/documents/Peng12APJM_Zhou_29_4_Dec__907_921.pdf. [8] Peng, MW 2000, Controlling the Foreign Agent: How Governments Deal with Multinationals in a Transition Economy, Management International Review, vol. 40, no. 2, viewed 22 February 2014, https://www.utdallas.edu/~mxp059000/pdf/Peng00MIRauto.pdf. [9] Luo, JQ and Peng, MW 1999, Learning to compete in a transition economy: Experience, environment, and performance, Journal of International Business Studies, vol. 30, no. 2, viewed 22 February 2014 https://www.utdallas.edu/~mxp059000/pdf/Peng99JIBS.pdf. [10] Ko gut, B. 2003. Globalization and context. Keynote Address at the First Annual Conference on Emerging Research Frontiers in International Business, Duke University. [11] Peng, MW, Wang, DYL, Jiang, Y 2008, An institution-based view of international business strategy: a focus on emerging economies, Journal of International Business Studies, vol. 39, no. 5, viewed 23 February 2014, https://www.utdallas.edu/~mxp059000/pdf/Peng08JIBSWangJiang39(5)pp920-936.pdf. [12] CGMA 2014, Porterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Five Forces of Competitive Position Analysis, viewed 23 February 2014, https://www.cgma.org/Resources/Tools/essential-tools/Pages/porters-five-forces.aspx.

Cyber Bullying Is More Common Than People - 1393 Words

As young people progress through their adolescent years they often hear, â€Å"sticks and stones may break my bones but, words will never hurt me.† As we have moved into an era that revolves around technology, younger generations become more involved online. People are now connected and exposed in more ways than ever as social media platforms make personal information more accessible. This mantra of sticks and stones hardly applies to the virtual world as cyber bullying rates increase. Due to the increasing rates of cyber bullying related suicides and mass shootings, parents are naturally becoming more concerned for their children’s safety. Many parents have looked to law enforcement and school board administrations to protect their children with stricter laws and punishments for cyber bullying offenses. However, instead of relying on stricter cyber laws and punishments in the event of a tragedy, parents and school board administrations should focus on social media moni toring to protect students and detect signs of distress before a young person acts out in violence. Cyber bullying is more common than people may realize, â€Å"More than 1 in 3 young people have experienced cyberthreats online.† (bullyingstatistics.org). Many victims of cyber bullying and too scared to tell and many bullies feel too empowered to stop. â€Å"Only 1 in 10 teens tells a parent if they have been a cyber bully victim.† (bullyinstatistics.org). It is said that young people often do not fear the consequencesShow MoreRelatedCyber Bullying Must Be Improved And Consistent1267 Words   |  6 PagesBridges Ms. Shultz / Mrs. Seymore English 5th Period 28 January 2015 Cyber Bullying Have you ever been cyber bullied? The effects of cyberbullying are greater than many people have come to realize. Cyber bullies have been around for a long time, but technology now gives them a whole new way to get to their victims easier and faster. Cyberbullying is the use of information technology to repeatedly harm or harass other people in a deliberate manner (abouthealth). Cyberbullying happens when kidsRead MoreCyber Bullying : Bullying And Bullying1290 Words   |  6 PagesLiterature 5 May 2014 Bullying Bullying is like a disease, it stays within the schools, and community and people are trying to stop it. It destroys the victims that get bullied. Bullying has always been around and there are people trying to prevent it from happening. Bullying is being prevented by clubs and by people taking action. Bullying damages the victims and the computers can cause cyber-bullying also the victims have problems after being bullied. Cyber bullying and it keeps people hooked on computerRead MoreHow is Cyber Bullying Done? Essay621 Words   |  3 Pages Think about it? How is Cyber Bullying Done? 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Bullying of all kinds peaks in Middle School and in greatest cases spills off by College age, when scholars are more self-regulating and more developed. Shortage of organization amongst school staff, parents and scholars make cyber- and offline bullying a constant risk to young people s assurance and well-being. The U.S. Department of HealthRead MoreIs Bullying A Serious Problem?1683 Words   |  7 PagesHistory of the Problem Bullying has been an ongoing problem all over the world for as long as people can remember. Bullying by definition is, to use superior strength or influence to intimidate (someone), typically to force him or her to do what one wants. Bullying is a very serious problem, victims of bullying are more prone to depression. Bullying does not affect just one group, it can happen to anyone making it a prevalent threat to all of society. Approximately 160,000 teens skip school everyRead MoreEfforts to Fight Cyber Bullying1182 Words   |  5 Pagesthat mimic its treacherous definitional predecessors. The click of a mouse has cause youthful individuals to commit suicide and live lifestyles that are indulged in depression. Cyber bullying is a fairly new type of violence and this is why it is so hard to counter. One of the most prominent forms of counter-cyber bullying that the United States implements is through legislations, which have resulted in mixed results. Psychologist and Sociologist agree that the negative reinforcement approach doesn’tRead MoreCyber Bullying And Its Effects1411 Words   |  6 PagesStudies indicate that cyber-bullying incidents have quadrupled in past five years (Ross). Cyber-bullying has become a huge issue recently. Every time you turn on the news there is another bullying, or a suicide related to bullying, incident being reported. â€Å"Love is louder† has been a common phrase among celebrities and influential figures lately. They are trying to send out a message to their followers saying that bullying is not right and should not be tolerated. The expansion of communication technologiesRead MoreWhy Do Cyber Bullying Laws Need to Be Enforced?841 Words   |  4 PagesWhy do Cyber Bullying Laws Need to be Enforced? Several middle school students in western New York created a Facebook event invitation Oct. 21, and they invited 60 of their friends to participate in a plan to torment the sixth-grader the next day. As the result, 10 accepted the invitation and some of the students posted offensive comments; one even proposed to kill the boy. When the mother of the proposed victim found out about that, she contacted to school officials. This is common news for many

Negative Effects Of Consumerism - 1180 Words

Consumerism is one of the powerful influence in our society daily affects our life. The term â€Å"consumerism† no longer about the protection or promotion of the interests of consumers, but instead the idea that to be happier, better and more successful people we must have more stuff. Today we live in a time when there is little to no understanding of how the goods we consume and take for granted came into being. Without this we lack the knowledge to understand the true costs of our consumption, and the power to act. As a result, we have become disconnected from ourselves – the origin of our health, wealth and all the ‘things’ we depend on. At one point in time this belief may have been true, but with the current capitalist system and cost of†¦show more content†¦Scale overweighs quality, success surpasses decency. But even if growth is revered so sacredly, it will eventually make way for other values and goals because the room to grow is slowly diminishing; from time to time during the last few decades of the 1900s, the productivity growth went down. For too long, we’ve been manipulated to consume as much as we possibly can. To buy every new product launched, the newest car, the latest iPhone, the top brands, lots of clothes, shoes, lots and lots and lots of pretty much anything we could our hands on. It is safe to say that our popular culture is nothing more than consumer culture. James A. Roberts states, â€Å"As long as consumers attempt to signal their social power through conspicuous consumption, the levels require to make a visible statement of power will continue to rise (Roberts 124). People ar e never satisfied with what they have and everyone these days correlate the amount of what one owns with social stats saying/representing â€Å"we have made it† in a world that never seems to understand the value of morals. It is called the treadmill of consumption because first we buy our first house, but suddenly that becomes our new norm because we adapt. So that ability to adapt both serves us and can undermine our well-being. James A. Roberts declares,† PursuingShow MoreRelatedNegative Effects Of Consumerism On Society825 Words   |  4 PagesConsumerism plays an extreme role in today’s economy and society. It is one of the key aspects of the economy growing, however it negatively affects the people of society. Consumerism has taken over society, with peoples’ need to classify themselves in a certain social status with the purchases of expensive merchandise. It may help the economy thrive, however it is society’s downfall with its depressing n eed to buy unnecessary products. Through modern technology, consumerism can easily capture peopleRead MoreNegative Effects of Consumerism Essay1753 Words   |  8 PagesNegative Effects of Consumerism on North American Society Consumerism is damaging to our society, in our North American society consumerism is often portrayed to be a negative aspect of people’s lives. However, one can also argue positive effects that result from consumerism, or emphasize on the negative effects of consumerism and how it can be a constraining force in one’s own life. Consumerism is an idea of an economic policy that the market is shaped by the choice of the consumer and continuesRead MoreConsumerism Has Changed Our Society1342 Words   |  6 PagesConsumerism over centuries has shaped our society into the world we live in today. Throughout our history, the American dream has been to become the most successful person you can possibly become given the opportunities presented to you. Consumerism has provided our country with a lot of jobs and efficient sources of income for the general population. Consumerism gives our country an upside unlike many other countries in that you could grow up in a hardworking blue collar family and become the mostRead MoreConsumerism And Consumerism854 Words   |  4 Pagesmore. Many people no longer work for a sense of self-satisfaction, rather they work to obtain an excessive amount of material goods to feel good about themselves and maintain their status in society. All of this exemplifies consumerism. According to Merriam Webster, consumerism is defined as â€Å"the theory that an increasing consumption of goods is economically desirable; also : a preoccupation with and inclination toward the buying of consumer goods.† It has persuaded American society into believingRead MoreConsumerism1100 Words   |  5 Pages 1.Whats consumerism ? Consumerism is defined by the preoccupation of society with the acquisition of consumer goods . Good morning/afternoon fellow classmates , today I’ll be discussing how the powerful images conveyed in Bruce Dawe’s texts Americanized and Abandonment of Autos, and a cartoon by Clay Butler, raise issues and concerns about consumerism. | 2. To start off, Bruce dawe’s text Americanized effectively portrays negative views on consumerism. Dawe uses an extended metaphor which involvesRead MoreHow Consumerism Is A Human Behavior777 Words   |  4 PagesThe impact of consumerism is a human behavior stimulating a multitude of neurological functions of individuals globally. The behaviors have been classified in both positive and negative terms dependent on perspective and severity. The neurological connection will be examined through similarities between compulsive shopping and illicit drug addiction, the relationship between brand recognition and a ttachment, as well as the effect of estimating value in material objects compared to life experiencesRead MoreThe Rocking Horse Winner by D.H. Lawrence Essay1000 Words   |  4 Pagesthe aspiration of money and consumerism. Families provide their household’s financial needs, but neglect the emotional aspects. The overpowering need for money takes a toll on families. D.H Lawrence’s short story explores the dynamics of money and its psychological toll. The story’s unhappy family in D.H Lawrence’s short story, â€Å"The Rocking-Horse Winner†, demonstrates the adverse psychological effects that derive from the insatiable desire of money and mindless consumerism. The stories dissatisfiedRead MoreMustafa Mond And Aldous Huxleys Brave New World1001 Words   |  5 Pagesattention to parallels between Ford and Mond throughout the book. He mocks their style of leadership, which values science over nature, and demonstrates the detrimental effects of it. In Aldous Huxley’s work, Brave New World, he utilizes the character Mustafa Mond to reflect the life of Henry Ford in order to warn readers of the negative effects of an overbearing leader. Mustafa Mond and Henry Ford both enforce mass production in their communities, and Huxley proves how mass production strips individualsRead MoreThe Impact Of Consumerism939 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to Dictionary.com, consumerism is defined as â€Å"the concept that an ever-expanding consumption of goods is advantageous to the economy.† Basically, this definition boils down to people getting more people to buy more products is a good thing. However, things aren’t always as they seem. In order to get people to be interested in your product, there is lots of advertisement involved and this of course costs money. Unfortunately, with lots of advertisements, they may not tell the whole truthRead MoreConsumerism and Faith979 Words   |  4 Pagespaying bills. The social pressure to keep up with these material items has an effect on quality bonding time which has an effect on money. Consumerism actually sets a person against oneself because of the never-ending mission to acquire material objects therefore people should not concentrate their religious faith in materialism. Consumerism is the idea that influences people to purchase items in great amounts. Consumerism makes trying to live the life of a â€Å"perfect American† rather difficult. It

Business Intercultural Communication Marketing Field

Question: Describe about the Business Intercultural Communication for Marketing Field. Answer: Introduction The skill, art or activity which helps us convey messages, learning and lessons across other people is what communication is all about. Communication is used since the oldest era of time in various ways for making sense of something. Learning how to communicate involves reading, studying how to express ones views to others, to observe how others express themselves and adapt all these learning to the present work. Whether it is texting a friend for a lunch date or making an office presentation or creating a business report, everywhere communication is needed. Effective communication is the key determinant of the success of any business and needs practice, preparation and persistence to develop it (LardBucket.org, 2012). Being in the marketing field makes me realize the role of effective business communication in promotion of products and services. There are many forms of business communication. Using these forms organizations communicate in between their employees and managers in an internal environment and develop strategies for business operations and marketing. On the external frontier once again business communication tools are used to make consumers aware about the benefits of the products and services offered. For every business the most important activity is marketing. The role of business communication is vast in the marketing activities of the economic marketplace (Vitez, 2013). The role of business communication is vast in the marketing activities of the economic marketplace (Vitez, 2013). Article 1: Definition: Principles which helps us making a judgement about whether a thing is right or wrong is considered to be ethics. Ethical communication is the practice where people are treated in a fair manner, honest communication is made and any kind of unethical or immoral behavior is avoided. Paralanguage are the non phonemic parts present in a speech which communicates unsaid things. These are the tempo, pitch and contours made intentionally in our verbal expressions while communicating. The following two communication techniques are used by me in my marketing communications:- Journal Article: Non-verbal communication - It is believed that when a communication occurs hearing out what is not being said is actually the most crucial element of communication (Drucker, 2011). Another author A.Barbour who has written a book named Louder than Words: Nonverbal Communication explains that any important message is made up of three crucial elements. An ideal communication constitutes of 7% of verbal words, 38% of vocal pitch, rhythm and tone and 55% of facial expressions and body gestures (Mujezinovic, 2011). Communication competence - Communicative competence is the practice, knowledge or the ability for using communicative skills efficiently. This is technically termed as communication competence. There are four parts to it. These are linguistic, discourse, sociolinguistic and strategic. Linguistic form of communicative competence is the knowledge of how to use syntax, grammar and vocabulary in the language spoken so that communication happens effectively. Sociolinguistic competence is the skill of understanding how to use and transport or respond words spoken and how using language one can appropriately convey messages in a given topic or setting. Discourse competence is interpretation of communicative languages in a broader concept and how one can construct language in longer stretches thus making a meaning of the entire coherent whole. Strategic competence of communication is realizing and repair breakdowns in communication to fill gaps in between communication, language spoken or us ed and understanding.(Nordquist, 2016) Analyse and Explain: In my current job as the marketing manager of a lifestyle cosmetic product for men the above concepts are used in real time. It helps me improve my ability to understand communications which is subtle. Application: Such genres of communication is used while we pitch product ideas and campaigns to our customers. Not only does effective communication help communicate with the subordinates but also with the management and consumers (GMAT, 2016). Article 2: Definition: The second article is about how with effective presentations sales can b e generated effectively in an organization. Presentation skills are of extremely important in an organization. Especially when pitching a new idea, product or a service. However, the quality of such a presentation will make or break an offer or a buying decision of the customer. Hence, this article really helped me be aware of the need of presentation skills. As a method to win more business following two presentation methodologies and communicational apprehensions are used by firms: Journal Article: Communication Apprehension - The anxiety or fear related emotions associated with a real communication or a perceived communication in between people, team or an individual is termed as communication apprehension. Basically it is a psychological interpretation or assumption of an evaluation made during a communication. It happens within a fraction of a second. For the mind such an instant apprehension is a threat. An overdrive situation is experienced by the circulatory system of the body and the adrenal system. It is a situation of fight or flight in such cases and in most cases people stand and start talking. Communication apprehension is deep installed in our minds. It helps us respond better to stress and develop a smart mechanism for the body. (McCroskey, 2011) Types of organizational presentations - In the world of business presentations form a crucial part. These are sales presentations, motivational, informational, interviews, first encounters, status reports, briefings, training sessions and a lot more. Every presentation has a purpose associated with it. These are informing a message, persuading and building up of goodwill (Businesstown, 2016). Organizational presentations, Importance and Types The skill and practice of showcasing or explaining a particular content or a subject to the learner or an audience are what are known as presentation. A good well structured presentation is an absolute must in the internal and external communications in an organization. A presentation if it is made well it becomes very easy for the listener to listen it and perceive it. Presentation skills can be improved in any organization if the know-how of presentation is learnt or taught. A great focus if given nowadays in my company to presentation skills . Analyse and Explain: As a marketing manager of my company which deals in online clothing line for men, women and kids, I go through a lot of meetings and product pitching. However, such elaborate meetings cannot be just verbal. Presenting the minutes of the meeting in the form of a well designed and interesting presentation becomes absolutely necessary. The entire presentation and documentation is logical in nature. And hence it is in absolute details. Thus it helps the person being addressed have the entire meeting summarized into few slides. Company meetings now a days do not bind itself to conference rooms only. For me, we undergo many meetings over the web and use communication tools like Skype. When reaching out to the world audience we often use advertisements, events, and video presentations. In all these organizational presentation plays a big role. These techniques are taught to the entire team even to the junior levels (Swathi, 2015). That way one gains a lot of confidence and competence when presenting an idea. Application: I will be able to use the ideas in the following manner. Ideas backed up with powerful presentation helps understanding occur fast and precise. Some of the ideas include, architectural framework of presentations which include chronological aspect i.e. everything should be in perfect order, sequential aspect, spatial aspect, climactic aspect, problem-solution attitude, compare-contrast attitude, cause-effect aspect and advantage-disadvantage aspects (Duarte, 2016). Article 3: Definition: The third article discusses the effectiveness of team meetings on the effective performance of teams in organizations. I can myself sync with this idea as in my organization as a marketing manager I am aware of the effectiveness of team meetings.Interpersonal and assertive communications are the two most ignored but crucial communication strategies of all times:- Journal Article: Interpersonal Communication When information is send in between two or more than two people it is interpersonal communication. In a workplace it can be communication happening over events, situations, projects etc in between a superior and a subordinate. Basically it is exchanging information related to the benefit of the organization. Here there is a sender who sends the message, the message itself, channels using which the message is send and a receiver to such messages. (Study, 2016) Assertive communication- Being assertive in the style of communication means conveying of the message firmly and clearly but yet in a respectful manner. Sometimes assertive communication is confused with aggressive form of communication. Aggressive way of communications are rudeness, hostility, threatening, sarcastic or demanding style and is totally different from assertive, Assertive way of communication is to take a stand on ones viewpoint. It has no way any trespassing actions involved or disrespect involved for others. It is just being clear about your own opinion about something (RMIT, 2013). Analyse and Explain: Team meetings help discuss team goals, discuss doubts, problems and track progress. It is an open platform welcoming new ideas and concerns of team members. It helps achieving organizational goals better (Kauffeld Lehmann-Willenbrock, 2011). Application: I will be use these concepts in the internal team meetings and while undergoing meeting with sponsors and investors. Article 4: Definition: The fourth article deals in the effectiveness of interpersonal communication in the achievement of organizational goals. Research and studies made in this article helped me understand that there are some factors associated with internal communication. These are employee commitment, thoughtful work, dedication, discretionary work efforts and all means of employee engagement. Such means of effective communication system helps combine channels inside the organization better and bring out extraordinary results (Hayase, 2016). These are as follows:- Journal Article: Internal Organizational Communication: An internal form of communication aids in the transmission of messages, data and information in between various members or divisions in an organization. It can take place in varied levels of an organization as well. For an instance in every organization a broad range of strategies are employed for the purpose of communication. Such interpersonal communication strategies can be vertical, horizontal, informal and formal means of communication (Study, 2016). Communication Environment-Under communication environment there are two parts environment and communication. Communication is when there is an exchange of ideas, views, messages, news and information. Now, communication environment signifies that all the elements which are surrounding us and their influence over communication. Such environmental communication can be formal as well as informal. It can be business related or non business related. (Environment, 2016) Analyse and Explain: It is true that for work to happen one have to understand the team and vice versa. This article is highly interesting as it points out the primary factors using which one can develop strong inter personal skills in their day to day works. This area is a highly unexplored region. Application: Internal communication helps me on a daily basis to communicate with members of my team. The better we make our internal communication the faster is work done. Article 5: The role of technology in our daily lives is different these days. The article gave me a deep insight in the various technologies available today with which network between employees can be maintained and made better. Journal Article: Understand the differences between groups and teams- In business and marketing it is important to understand the differences in between teams and groups. Every team consists of groups of individuals. However all groups cannot be considered as teams. Members of teams who work together and have the same objectives and goals and work for achieving same responsibilities can be known as a team. A group can have multiple individuals who have same internet and characteristics. They range in size and scope (Boundless, 2016). Differentiate amongst the different stages of groups development- A business team undergoes primary five stages of development. These are Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing and Adjourning. a) Forming Stage - In the Forming stage, the team meets with each other and the introduction session takes place. Here basic information is shared and one learns about the project they will be working on. Project goals are discussed and individual roles are discussed and finalised. b) Storming Stage As the stage progress there is the Storming stage. This stage is mandatory for every team who is working for the first time or is evolving as a team first time. Here members accept each other ideas. Here members also compete with the status of each other. All the differences are discussed, argued and sorted out at this stage itself. c) Norming In the norming stage the team is working effectively in overall goals and not on individual goals. Team rules have been agreed upon here and work begins. d) Performing This stage is where work is being done by the team with full effect. The main objective is to reach the end result as soon as possible. Decisions are taken and problems are solved in this stage fast. e) Adjourning Adjourning is the stage where all the goals are achieved and the project reaches completion. Teams move onto other projects.(Abudi, 2010) Analyse and Explain: The article has an interesting idea about various employee work performances. It showed me ways of various online and offline networks used at workplace for better work communications and performance. Application: To know the customer's, team and sponsors better such type of effective communication skills are used. It helps develop better interpersonal relationships in the team. Article 6: The sixth one aroused internet in me in making complete meaning out of it so I can make use of it in the real life. It deals in the cultural general competence or working in between multiple cultures. There are basically many advantages of this and many ways to do this. When work occurs in between different cultures a lot of factors are taken into account. One has to check out the management culture, work ethics, authority differences, etiquette, delegation and other distinctive factors of the new culture. For example in the culture of one country there is the liberty to call managers by their names while in some culture it is not. The awareness and knowledge about the differences in these cultures is important so employees can maintain the usual norms (Lambert, 2016). For teams working in various cultures knowledge of the following is needed for the good performance:- Journal Article: Understand the Importance of Intercultural Communication - This type of communication is fast becoming popular as globalization is raising high in the multicultural work ambience. Such intercultural communication helps business with foreign countries is possible effectively. For employees trying to break into foreign industries such communication skills can be highly beneficial (Ability, 2013). Many times we are required to do translations. While translating content of our website or creating presentations for reaching out to people of other countries we have to use our skills of intercultural communications. Carefully we design content interpreting messages signs, introductions or controversial documents (Kurbalija, 2002). Transmission of messages has become more effective. We prioritize the cultural background of the people to whom our products cater. Analyse and Explain: Whether the team is working on academicals documents, business, management, and team or for the consumer it is important to know and implement techniques aiding understanding of such forms of communication. This aids to economic globalization as well. a) Be aware Self awareness is the first skill one needs for learning inter cultural knows how. So for communicating others one must know their very own culture first. So, before stepping ahead to communicate in an intercultural environment, steps a bit bats. And first realize how you will communicate in your own culture. Hence, by developing an ideal communication style one can respect other cultures. b)LearnThere is nothing better than learning. Our team constantly researches and learns about new cultures. c)Be curious-Without curiosity one cannot be good in intercultural communication. It is important specially when dealing with different cultures. d)Observe and listen-Our team observes the countries and their people and their preferences. Only if one can listen and observe one can learn how well one can communicate. e) Regular experience The best way to keep learning is to regularly experience this. Catering to people of various countries is not easy, It needs a lot of know how about different cultures (Services, 2016). f) Become interculturally competent-Every business today strives to work on the global environment. For this one has to learn the importance of intercultural communication and be intercultural competent as the second habit. By culture it is meant about the entire way of a life, beliefs, values, languages and preferences. Every culture has some in built implicit or explicit nature of rules present. The ability using which one can develop a skill set for effective interactions in between different cultures are known as intercultural competence (McKinnon, 2006). There are five stages undergoing which one can develop intercultural competence:- a) Denial stage The characteristics of this stage is a lack of interest and awareness for other cultures. Hence the name denial stage. Here one does not have a care for other cultures existing around them. b) Polarization Stage This stage has two parts defense and reversal stages. Both showcase cultural differences. People when they begin interacting with others belonging to different other cultures they often judge the mental status of other cultures to be of a lesser value than themselves. It can be said to be a defensive state of mind and understanding. There occurs another situation when people consider their own culture as inferior to others. This is known as reversal stage or thought process. c) Minimization Here in this stage differences in between different cultures are leveled out. By respecting the fact that we all are human beings and work and efforts have the same significance to all people, irrespective of their cultural backgrounds the intercultural competence is developed. Minimization is distinctive in nature from polarization as here people begin to think beyond judgments. d) Acceptance stage In the acceptance stage people know about their own cultural identity and accept it. They even embrace the fact that other also has their own cultural identities and no one is less or more in value. Mental models can be different but confrontational thoughts are useless. e) Adaptation stage The last stage is the adaptation stage. It is here one becomes totally intercultural competence favored. Here people understand and adapt values they consider as necessary irrespective of the culture it originates from (Gevrey, 2013). Application: Working with a product which has market overseas, such type of communication skills gives a deep understanding of how to communicate with the foreign members of the organisation and external individuals as well. Conclusion Any business todays needs to communicate. The user base and the stakeholders genre are varied in todays world. New technologies are needed for effective business communication to happen. With the global scenario in place, today traditional means of communication are overpowered by new innovative simplified methods and technologies. If communication is ineffective then it is bound to fetch poor results for an organization. It can be the breeding arena for mistrust, conflict, misunderstandings and chaos. Hence, for speeding up decision making, building great business relationship and enhancing productivity and customer satisfaction effective business communication is a must. References Ability,. (2013). The Importance of Intercultural Communication | ABILITY English. Ability.edu.au. Retrieved from :https://www.ability.edu.au/latest-news/the-importance-of-intercultural-communication/ Abudi, G. (2010). The Five Stages of Team Development: A Case Study. Project Smart. Retrieved from :https://www.projectsmart.co.uk/the-five-stages-of-team-development-a-case-study.php Boundless,. (2016). Differences Between Groups and Teams. Boundless. Retrieved from https://www.boundless.com/management/textbooks/boundless-management-textbook/groups-teams-and-teamwork-6/defining-teams-and-teamwork-51/differences-between-groups-and-teams-261-4011/ Businesstown,. (2016). Defining Your Type of Presentation is Half the Battle - BusinessTown. Business Town. Retrieved from : https://businesstown.com/articles/knowing-what-kind-of-presentation-youre-making-is-half-the-battle/ Drucker, P. (2011). BrainyQuote.com. Retrieved from: https://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/quotes/p/peterdruck142500.html Duarte,. (2016). Presentation Organization: Different Structures. Duarte. Retrieved from : https://www.duarte.com/presentation-organization-different-structures/ Environment, D. (2016). Definition of Communication Environment. Bconsi.blogspot.in. Retrieved from https://bconsi.blogspot.in/2012/12/definition-of-communication-environment.html Gevrey, G. (2013). 5 Stages to Intercultural Competence. Musings of a French OD consultant in India. Retrieved from : https://ggevrey.wordpress.com/2013/03/12/5-stages-to-become-interculturally-competent/ GMAT,. (2016). Employers Want Communication Skills in New Hires. The Official GMAT Blog. Retrieved, from : https://www.mba.com/global/the-gmat-blog-hub/the-official-gmat-blog/2014/aug/employers-want-communication-skills-in-new-hires.aspx Hayase, L. (2016). Internal communication in organizations and. Digitalscholarship.unlv.edu. Retrieved from : 2https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2177context=thesesdissertations Kauffeld, S. Lehmann-Willenbrock, N. (2011). Meetings Matter: Effects of Team Meetings on Team and Organizational Success. Small Group Research, 43(2), 130-158. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1046496411429599 Kurbalija, J. (2002). Examples and Resources on Intercultural Communication | DiploFoundation. Diplomacy.edu. Retrieved from : https://www.diplomacy.edu/language/intercultural-communication/examples-cases Lambert, J. (2016). Global Competence. Google Books. Retrieved from: https://books.google.co.in/books?id=ZlrUfkq5Zx4Cpg=PR11lpg=PR11dq=culture+general+competencesource=blots=id2LDtLv-zsig=v70WdsiaGUrD9_DyVvVqg0XpsLIhl=ensa=Xved=0ahUKEwjihtKXrbbPAhUE9WMKHVb8A0UQ6AEIbjAO#v=onepageq=culture%20general%20competencef=false LardBucket.org,. (2012). Communication for Business Success. Retrieved from :https://2012books.lardbucket.org/pdfs/communication-for-business-success-canadian-edition.pdf McKinnon, S. (2006). What is intercultural competence ?. Retrieved from :https://www.gcu.ac.uk/media/gcalwebv2/theuniversity/centresprojects/globalperspectives/Definition_of_Intercultural_competence.pdf McCroskey, J. (2011). What Is Communication Apprehension?. 2012books.lardbucket.org. Retrieved from : https://2012books.lardbucket.org/books/public-speaking-practice-and-ethics/s06-01-what-is-communication-apprehen.html Mujezinovic, N. (2011). The importance of non-verbal communication in business. Digilib.k.utb.cz. Retrieved from :https://digilib.k.utb.cz/bitstream/handle/10563/15337/mujezinovic_2011_bp.pdf?sequence=1 Nordquist, R. (2016). What Is Communicative Competence?. About.com Education. Retrieved from : https://grammar.about.com/od/c/g/Communicative-Competence.htm RMIT,. (2013). Assertive Communication. mams.rmit.edu.au. Retrieved from: https://mams.rmit.edu.au/owx2c90pize9.pdf Services, E. (2016). Your Intercultural Communication Skills | 5 Ways to Improve. Englishandculture.com. Retrieved from: https://www.englishandculture.com/blog/bid/71208/Your-Intercultural-Communication-Skills-5-Ways-to-Improve Swathi, T. (2015). The Importance of Effective Presentation for Organizational Success. Papers.ssrn.com. Retrieved from: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2686971 Study,. (2016). What Is Interpersonal Communication in the Workplace? - Definition, Process Examples - Video Lesson Transcript | Study.com. Study.com. Retrieved from :https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-interpersonal-communication-in-the-workplace-definition-process-examples.html Vitez, O. (2013). The Role of Business Communication in Marketing. Retrieved from :https://smallbusiness.chron.com/role-business-communication-marketing-1013.html Zhang, X. Venkatesh, V. (2014). Explaining Employee Job Performance: The Role of Online and Offline Workplace Communication Networks | Institute for Public Relations. Institute for Public Relations. Retrieved from : https://www.instituteforpr.org/explaining-employee-job-performance-role-online-offline-workplace-communication-networks/

The Northcliffe Revolution Essay Example

The Northcliffe Revolution Essay The intention of this paper is to explore the notion that Lord Northcliffe, the owner of popular papers in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries such as the Daily Mail, had such a pivotal role in the press of the epoch that he could be easily described as possessing such incredible power as to revolutionise a growing industry, such as that of the print based press. To be able to develop upon, or dismantle, such a widely debated topic of the era in which the press industries boomed and caused this vast and historical moment of the public communications field, I intend to analyse both the suggestions which support and the suggestions which disagree with the notion that Northcliffe had such a pivotal role in defining how the press developed in the period 1890-1930. Questions have been raised as to whether or not the so-called Northcliffe Revolution is really a useful way of understanding developments in British press in the above-mentioned period, 1890-1930. Francis Williams who was the 1940s press officer to Labour M. P. Atley claimed that Northcliffe started a revolution in the press industry, whereas Jean Chalaby would argue that Northcliffe didnt produce revolutionary ideas when it came to journalism etc, he more simply applied improved, and developed, upon existing techniques (Chalaby: 2000: 27). We will write a custom essay sample on The Northcliffe Revolution specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Northcliffe Revolution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Northcliffe Revolution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It is from these sort of fundamental arguments that the intentions of this essay will be based, and from this will come an opinion on the usefulness of understanding press developments between 1890 and 1930 through the perspective of the Northcliffe Revolution. Northcliffe himself knew the importance that a national daily newspaper would mean to him financially and so introduced to the nation its first daily paper The Daily Mail. It was Northcliffes entrepreneurial desire to achieve this target that led to the Daily Mail reaching a circulation of just a few thousand under 1 million readers at 989,000 (Williams: 1998: 56). But this would not have been possible if not for the mass use of advertising within his publication. Advertising During the period of 1890-1930 the print based press undoubtedly developed financially. As is understandable the costs in order to produce a publication such as a daily newspaper rose considerably. During the 1830s, publicist Henry Hetherington needed only thirty pounds in order to start his paper, whereas Lord Northcliffe needed almost six hundred thousand pounds in order for his Daily Mail venture to get off the ground and become a realisation (Curran Seaton: 1991: 35). It was through this knowledge that Northcliffe knew that revenue would need to be gained through some other approach. Northcliffe also understood the need to keep the cost of buying a publication for the average consumer down to the minimum as to attract a continual and loyal following. Thus, Lord Northcliffe pioneered the use of mass advertising. Undeniably, advertising had always had a part to play, but Kevin Williams, who wrote Get me a murder a day! : A History of Mass Communications in Britain, would argue that there had never been such an indisputable link, at that moment in time, between the advertisers and the major publications. Advertising became not only the main source of revenue but also the main way of keeping prices down, so in turn newspapers ceased to sell at their factual outlay and the cover price of the newspapers was subsidised by advertising profits. Williams though, recognises the fact that Northcliffe had a major part to play in the area of advertising, but he does recognise the fact that major publications that were not Northcliffes were already heavily reliant on the advertising side of their revenue. By the late eighteen-eighties, nearly sixty one percent of the column space of the Telegraph, forty nine percent of The Times and just over forty percent of the Scotsman were devoted to advertising. This seems to point to the notion that the application of advertising was already a major factor of publication revenue and not a revolutionary idea drummed up by the ever power-increasing Lord Northcliffe. Other factors though, indicate a very strong argument in favour of the Northcliffe Revolution idea. Lord Northcliffe certainly can be acknowledged as being the founder of the idea in which circulation figures are printed on the cover of the publication. Lord Northcliffe knew that his newspapers were the major players in their respective target markets, and he recognized that if advertisers had a realisation that this was accurate then they would be more inclined to pay his publications for advertising than his competitors, and so front-page circulation statistics were born. Coupled with this new idea of openly printing the newspapers circulation figures was the innovative idea that Northcliffe came up with, which was to charge rates for advertising based on the size of the circulation. Whereas previously the advertisement rates were charged by the amount of space taken up to print that advert (per column inches), Northcliffe charged advertisers for every 1000 readers, and therefore creating a major link between publications and advertising for the present and the inevitably the long term (Williams: 1998: 59). Through this increase in advertising revenue, Northcliffe was able to increase circulation through the cutting of the cost of the paper and hence came up with the well-remembered slogan of the Daily Mail, the penny paper for half a penny. Large-scale advertising led to a major revamp in Northcliffes Daily Mail becoming the first to break up the column style of traditional newspaper appearance (Williams: 1998: 59). Newspaper Composition and Journalistic Techniques Through Northcliffes significant contribution in providing what seems to be an almost eternal link between advertising and newspapers, he also changed the way in which a newspaper is structured, its composition, and the journalistic news values and techniques that were employed by the then present day journalists. Prior to the beginning of the Northcliffe Revolution all newspaper advertisements were of a classified nature and were rigidly placed within columns. Northcliffe saw the possibility of development in this area of newspaper composition and so even though attempts to break up the column format were strongly resisted, his Daily Mail newspaper was the first to allow whole page advertisements, with department store Selfridges being the most notable in 1924 (Murdock Golding: 1977: 131).

slaves of the middle passage Essay Example

slaves of the middle passage Essay Example slaves of the middle passage Essay slaves of the middle passage Essay et al. , 2006a. Hemispheres, Neuroscience for Kids [accessed June 7, 2007] http://faculty. washington. edu/chudler/ split. tml. Chudler, E. H. , et al. , 2006b. Sidedness, Neuroscience for Kids [accessed June 7, 2007] http://faculty. washington. edu/chudler/rightl. html. This project is based on an entry to the 2007 California State Science Fair: Hines, K. K. nd R. S. Thurman, 2007. Ballin: The Effect of Hand and Eye Dominance on a Subjects Free Throw Percentage, California State Science Fair Abstract [accessed June 7, 2007] http:// www. usc. edu/CSSF/History/2007/ProJects/S1106. pdf. This website has descriptions and calculators for several statistical tests, including the Students t-test that you can use in this project: Kirkman, T. date unknown. Students t-Tests, Department of Physics, College of St. Benedict St. Johns University [accessed June 7, 2007]http:// www. physics. csbs]u. edu/stats/t-test. html. Materials and Equipment To do this experiment you will need the following materials and equipment: 50-100 volunteers to take hand and eye dominance tests and then shoot free throws; notes: The more subjects you can test, the more reliable your results will be For more information, see the Science Buddies resource, How Many Participants Do I Need? Basketball Basketball court Hand dominance surveys Lab notebook Variations For a more basic experiment on determining right side/left side dominance in a sample population, see the Science Buddies project Are You Left or Right Sided? In this experiment, your hypothesis might have been that, when shooting free throws, the ball would (at least partially) block the dominant eye for shooters with uncrossed hand and eye dominances. Therefore, shooters with crossed hand and eye dominances might be expected to have an advantage. Can you think of a way to measure how much the ball blocks the vision of the dominant eye for each shooter? Can you incorporate this additional data into your analysis? Another approach to this project would be to use actual freethrow shooting statistics for real basketball teams. The trick is that you will need to be able to test (or survey) each player to find out their dominant hand and dominant eye. As in the experiment described above, it would be best to have at least 50-100 participants in your study, so youll need to test (or survey) a lot of players. Each player you include in your study will also need to have a significant number of freethrow attempts over the course of the season, so that you know the freethrow shooting percentage is reliable. What do you think the ffect of crossed hand/eye dominance would be in other sports, e. g. hitting a baseball, archery, target rifle shooting, soccer, or golf? Design an experiment to test your hypothesis. 1. Do your background research so that you are knowledgeable about the terms, concepts, and questions, above. 2. Youll need to recruit 50-100 volunteers for this project. Ideally all of your volunteers will be approximately the same age, and will have roughly the same amount of experience shooting free throws . 3. The simplest way to collect the data for this experiment is to use a separate data sheet for each participant. On each data sheet you will need to collect the following information: a. Name b. Age c. Gender d. Hand dominance e. Eye dominance f. Number of years playing basketball g. Free throw percentage 4. To determine hand dominance, ask or observe: a. Which hand does your subject use for writing? Oust ask your subject to write his or her name. ) b. Which hand does your subject use to throw a ball. Give a ball to your subject and ask him or her to throw it to you. c. Which hand does your subject use to shoot baskets? (Generally when shooting, one hand cradles the ball, and the other hand launches the ball toward the basket. The hand providing the driving force to the ball is the shooting hand. ) d. You could also simply ask each subject if they are right-handed, left-handed or mixed (ask for examples of what they do with each hand). You may want to analyze the data from subjects with mixed hand dominance separately (but you may need a large group of test subjects to get significant results). 5. To determine eye dominance, have the subject do the following (Archeryweb. org, date unknown): a. Extend both hands to arms length in front of you, and put your hands together to make a small triangle between your thumbs and the first knuckle n each hand (see Figure 1 below). The triangle should be roughly 2-3 cm on each side. Figure 1 . The illustration above shows how to make a sighting triangle with your hands to determine which of your eyes is dominant. (Image from Archeryweb. org, date unknown) b. With both eyes open, look through the triangle and center something (e. g. , a doorknob) in the triangle. c. Close your left eye. If the object remains in view, you are right eye dominant. If your hands appear to move off the object and move to the left, then you are left eye dominant. d. To validate the first est, look through the triangle and center the object again with both eyes open. e. Close your right eye. If the object remains in view, you are left eye dominant. If your hands appear to move off the object and move to the right, then you are right eye dominant. f. An alternative method is to assume the same position with your hands, and center the triangle around the object with both eyes open. Now, slowly bring your hands toward your face while continuing to look at the object with both eyes open. When your hands touch your face, the triangle opening should be in front of your dominant eye. g. Repeat the above tests a number of times to satisfy yourself that you are sure which eye is your dominant eye. . Have the subject shoot at least shots). Determine the shooting percentage for each subject: shooting % = 100 * number of shots made / number of shots taken. 7. For each subject, determine whether they have crossed or uncrossed hand and eye dominances. a. Crossed hand and eye dominances would be: left hand/right eye or right hand/left eye. Uncrossed hand and eye dominances would be: le ft hand/left eye or right hand/right eye. 8. Calculate the average shooting percentage for the participants with uncrossed hand nd eye dominances. 9. Calculate the average shooting percentage for the participants with crossed hand and eye dominances. 10. More advanced students should also calculate the standard deviation of the shooting percentage for each group. 11. Make a bar graph to show the average shooting percentage for both groups. Is there any difference between the two groups? 12. More advanced students should also calculate whether any difference found is statistically significant. For example, you could use a t-test to see if any difference between the mean shooting percentage of the two groups is significant (Kirkman, date unknown).

Bioterrorism - Disaster Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Bioterrorism - Disaster Plan - Essay Example In cases of bioterrorism, the Bureau of Emergency Preparedness and Response (BEPR) is described as â€Å"the use, or threatened use, of biological agents to promote or spread fear or intimidation upon an individual, a specific group, or the population as a whole for religious, political, ideological, financial, or personal purposes† (par. 1). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) present various categories for bioterrorism agents and diseases with preparation and planning guidelines detailed and specifically enumerated in their official website for the public’s awareness and guidance (CDC: Emergency Preparedness and Response, 1). In New York City, the disaster plan specifically addressed bioterrorism by stating that â€Å"the City’s Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DHMH) uses a syndromic surveillance system that monitors emergency room visits, ambulance runs and pharmacy sales† (OEM, 17).

Marketing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Marketing - Assignment Example The purpose of SWOT analysis is to provide a realistic appraisal of the firm and the environment in which it operates. SWOT provides a basis for the formulation of realistic goals and objectives and strategies for their implementation. Without a SWOT analysis the firm's planning process is fatally flawed. Planning is an information-based activity and, without information planning, quickly degenerates into a political exercise in selling individual biases and preconceptions. Further complicating matters is that if SWOT is not essentially conducted, there is no basis upon which to assess progress toward the accomplishment of goals and objectives; and the accountability upon which managerial control is based also quickly degenerates. There are significant benefits to SWOT. By the identification of the strengths and weaknesses of the organization, strategies can be designed to efficiently allocate the organization's resources, hence increasing overall organizational effectiveness. SWOT c an identify profitable opportunities and high-risk ventures that enhance the firm's effectiveness. Preventive measures can be designed to avoid major environmental threats that may save large amounts of resources that might otherwise be required to correct damage from those environmental threats. ... There are several environments in which a firm functions. These environments are the economic environment, the sociopolitical environment, and the technological environment. Each of these environments has important components and implications for the strategic planning process. The economic environment consists of both factor and product markets considerations. The availability of supporting market structures, intermediate goods, labor, and the price levels within these areas will determine the costs of production for the firm. The product market; its relative competitiveness, whether it is expanding or contracting; and its continued viability will determine the ability of the firm to generate revenues from that market. The case presented here examines the crisis and ongoing problems of Marks & Spencer, one of Britain's best known retail brands that has experienced after many years of unbroken success. The case examines the factors that contributed to perhaps the most serious threat that the company has faced in its over 100-year history and identifies the implications for the company's future public relations strategy. Marks & Spencer (M&S) is one of the UK's largest, best-known retailers and their brand has been synonymous with reliability, value and quality for generations. Marks & Spencer has been viewed as setting the standards that other retailers have striven to match over the years and, until recently, was recognized as one of Britain's best-managed companies with an enviable track record of successful growth and profits. The company has consistently been rated as Britain's 'most favored company' in surveys among business leaders. The name

Common Stereotypes in Society Essay Example for Free

Common Stereotypes in Society Essay As a society, we tend to stereotype. Whether our presumption is right or wrong, some common stereotypes are still accepted as truth no matter how much evidence there is proving another point of view. Three common stereotypes I see are those that involve abused women, Blacks and their love of fried chicken and the ability of older people learning foreign languages. Many of these stereotypes are reinforced by cultures and what is commonly seen within their culture. These stereotypes can have a long lasting effect on the people that are judged by the stereotype and a long lasting effect on the perception of those people. When most people think about an abused woman, many see the woman with a black eye not realizing that abuse is more than physical. Verbal and mental abuse are also used to control the victim. In many cases, physical abuse is the latter and verbal and mental abuse is the first type introduced. Although there are many shelters and agencies available to abused women, many believe that these women are too afraid to leave the relationship and are blamed for any further abuse they suffer because they didn’t leave or call the police. On the contrary, â€Å"more than 77 percent of them had self-reported to the police. (Barrett, B. , Nov 2011). In the cases when the women have children, many think that they stay because they do not have the means to provide for their family if they leave the home. Based on a handbook by the Santa Clara Probation department, â€Å"victims of domestic violence leave their abuser seven times on average before they are able to stay on their own† (Prophet, T. , 2006). Many of the abused women are presumed as weak and people in general, do not want to assist a weak person because they will more than likely go back to the situation they were just helped out of. There are many shelters available but the funding needed is scarce due to the previous mentioned fear. The second common stereotype is that all Black people like fried chicken. I was taught in school that any statement that expresses that â€Å"all† of anything is definitely a false statement. This stereotype was started a long time ago, and is probably associated with situations related to slavery. â€Å"The most obvious explanation derives from the historical fact that fried chicken dishes were popular in slave homes on Southern plantations. In many cases, chickens were the only livestock animals that slaves were permitted to raise on their own† (Bering, J. (2011). This just proves that the reason fried chicken is associated with African Americans is not because they enjoy the food so much but it was the only choice they had when it came to what was availbe to them. The other reason there is such a negative connotation associated with fried chicken is because the slavery era itself was not a good time for African Americans (Bering, J. 2011). As an unhealthy and inexpensive food, fried chicken invokes images of poverty, ignorance, sloth, and other racist associations† (Bering, J. 2011). Not only is the mention of fried chicken and African Americans considered negative, it has also been viewed as racist. Advertisers seem to gear their commercials towards the African American community when advertising for fried chicken. Mary J. Blige received a lot of flack for being in a Burger King commercial advertising their New Crispy Strips Tortilla Wraps. The commercial was eventually pulled from rotation due to the backlash received. Other high profile individuals have also been targeted by the chicken industry, including President Obama. Although it’s no secret that these people do enjoy fried chicken, associating these people with the food generated a negative or racial tone. There is nothing wrong with these people liking fried chicken, as there are many other racial groups that also enjoy this cuisine. The third common stereotype would be the idea that older adults will have a harder time learning foreign languages when compared to younger children. One of the reasons for this stereotype can be attributed to the older adult and the teacher, they have doubts about their ability to learn a foreign language. Although most people have accepted the generalization of learning as â€Å"the younger the better† (Schleppegrell, M. , 1987), this is not the case when it comes to learning language. There have been studies that have determined that aging does not decline a person’s learning ability. The way older adults learn a new skill is the only adjustments that need to be made. These studies also show that older adults learn at a more rapid rate than children (Krashen, Long, and Scarcella, 1979). There are two reasons why being a poor language learner is attributed to adults, and those are â€Å"a theory of the brain and how it matures, and classroom practices that discriminate against the older learner† (Schleppegrell, M. , 1987). The critical period hypothesis that was put forth in the 1960s was based on then-current theories of brain development, and argued that the brain lost cerebral plasticity after puberty, making second language acquisition more difficult as an adult than as a child (Lenneberg, 1967). Due to advances in the study of neurology, it has been determined that adults have superior language learning capabilities. These studies and facts should dispel any accepted stereotypes related to older adults and their ability to learn foreign languages. One thing that is common amongst all of these stereotypes is that the â€Å"victim† has accepted these stereotypes to be true and doesn’t challenge any of the information that would affirm or deny such claims. This could also be the first step into getting some of these stereotypes removed from our culture so that people are able to benefit positively and not have to worry about any negative impacts from doing activities that are natural.